technology in agriculture

INTRODUCTION Cowpea (  ????? ) is one of the most important legumes being cultivated in the semi-arid and sub-humid tropics for its grain and fodder purposes. Among all the legumes, cowpea has much tolerance to drought, it is a warm weather crop and hence well adapted to dry regions. So, its world production and acreage has increased dramatically in the last 25 years. In Pakistan, it is grown mainly as Kharif crop, with sorghum and millet intercropping.  Black-eyed Pea NOMENCLATURE Vernacular Names:  Cowpea, Southern pea (USA), Blacke-eyed pea (Common), Crowder pea (USA), Lobia (Pakistan, India), Rawan (Pakistan),  other local names in different world countries include fiebe, coupe and so on.  Technical Name:   Vigna unguiculata  (L.) Walp. (It also has many synonyms but this name is more commonly used.) BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Kingdom Plantae Division Magnoliophyta Class Magnoliopsida Order Fabales Family Fabaceae Genus Vigna Species V.  ...

INTRODUCTION Vigna unguiculata  (L.) Walp. is locally known as Lobia or Lohbia  (?????)  or Rawaan in Pakistan and   Black-eyed Pea ( Vigna unguiculata  subsp.  unguiculata ) is commonly available cowpea subspecies in Pakistan. It is a multipurpose crop but it has not been given much priority in the selection among the rest of the pulses like Mung bean, Mash bean, Lentil (Masoor) and Chickpea (Chanay). But due to its multipurpose nature the agriculture departments in Punjab, Pakistan are importing its exotic varieties and running trials on them. And at the same time, farmers are also being educated about the usefulness of this crop. Epigeal germination of Vigna unguiculata L. IMPORTANCE   i.  It has more protein contents then rest of the legumes.  ii.  Its leaf and immature pods can be used as vegetable. iii.  Its green leaves are rich source of proteins. iv.  It can also be used to enhance the fertility of the soil becaus...

The major cultivated crops can be classified according to the agronomic purpose. On this basis, the distinguishable groups of crops can be... I) PULSES (aka Grain Legumes) The plants belonging to family leguminosae are cultivated for their edible seeds. For example, chickpea, garden pea, cowpea (lobia), mung bean, mash bean, lentil and pigeon pea. II) CEREALS (aka Grain crops) Grasses belonging to family Poaceae which are cultivated for their edible grains are called cereals. They are mostly narrow and long leaved plants without main stem. For example, wheat, rice, maize, barley and sorghum . III) OILSEED CROPS The crops cultivated for extraction of oil from their seeds are called  oilseed crops. For example, cotton, brassica, sunflower, peanut, groundnut, sesame , soybean, linseed, castor bean and flax. IV) FIBER CROPS The crops grown for their fiber which is the raw material for textile industry are called fiber crops. They are used for clothing, rope making and rugs. For exa...

The following table presents list of common crops of Pakistan, along with their botanical names, agronomic use and sowing season. Sr. no. Vernacular name Botanical name Family Agronomic use Sowing season A.       CEREAL CROPS 1. Ghandum / Kanak / Wheat Triticum aestivum Poaceae Cereals Rabi 2. Juo / Barley Hordeum vulgare Poaceae Cereals/ Fodder Rabi 3. Dhaan / Rice / Paddy Oryza sativa Poaceae Cereals Kharif 4. Makkai / Corn / Maize Zea mays Poaceae Cereals / Fodder / Oilseeds Kharif 5. Jowar / Chari / Great Millet / Sorghum Sorghum bicolor Poaceae Cereals / Fodder Kharif (Grain purpose) Rabi (Fodder purpose) 6. Bajra / Pearl Millet Pennisetum typhoides Poaceae Cereals / Fodder Kharif B.       FOOD LEGUMES 1. Kalay Channay / Chickpea / Gram Cicer arietinum Fabaceae Pulses Rabi 2. Kabuli Channay / Chickpea / White Gram ...