technology in agriculture

Organophosphates also known as the OPs. The word organophosphate is derived from the combination of two words; � organic compounds � and � phosphate group �. There is no known clinical use of these chemicals. However, the main uses are as agricultural insecticides and fungicides; used in household and garden sprays for flies and other insects. Organophosphates (Cover) Usage Organophosphate insecticides are commonly used for small animals as flea and tick powders, sprays, foggers, shampoos and dips, and formerly, as systemic insecticides. They are also frequently used as household, garden, and farm insecticides. OPs, in general, have short term persistence and limited residual activity. They are more toxic to vertebrates than other insects. OPs have replaced the banned organochlorines (OC) and are a major cause of animal poisoning. History OPs were first synthesized in the 1850�s but the modern products were developed in Germany in the 1930�s. Their insecticidal qualities were first ob...

Insecticides are the pesticides used against insects. Organochlorines are class of synthetic organic insecticides .  Organochlorines are chlorinated hydrocarbons and contains the elements carbon and chlorine. They have been used extensively from the 1940s through the 1960s. Bioaccumulation They break down slowly in the environment and accumulate in the fatty tissues of animals and they stay in the environment and food web long after the being applied (Bioaccumulation).   OCs in Food Chain They have long chemical half-life (7-30 years), which makes them highly persistent. So, most people have organochlorine pesticides present in their bodies.  It cause reproductive failure among birds.  Organochlorine are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) . They act primarily by altering the movement of ions across the nerve cell membranes, thus changing the ability of the nerve to fire and interfere Na + and K + ion permeation. Examples 1. DDT  First commercially produced in...