technology in agriculture

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Whitefly  ( Bemisia tabaci )  is a sucking insect of cotton which not only reduces the growth but most importantly it serves as the vector of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) which has been a major threat to the cotton in Pakistan. So the farmer must take quick action against the white fly in his field. Following steps can be taken to manage the whitefly in the cotton fields. Hoeing should be done along the water channels with the fields because the weeds along the borders of the field serve as the breeding ground for these white flies.  Weedicides should be sprayed for weed control and pesticides for the controlling the white flies. Detach the leaves which show attack of whitefly and dip in water to kill the pest. When larvae and adults are visible in the field at the same time, spray with such pesticides which are equally effective for both. Do not spray with same pesticide each time. For effective spraying, use hollow cone nozzle sprays . Regularly survey the field ...

Cotton suffers sever attack from the serious attack of pests and virus. These viruses and pests are firstly present on the weeds present along the banks of fields, water channels and roads. The management of these weeds is important w.r.t control of pests and virus on cotton. The common weeds of cotton are: Common Weeds of Cotton Petty spurge - ????? ( Euphorbia prostrata ) Euphorbia prostrata Field bindweed - ???? ( Convolvulus arvensis ) -  Convolvulus arvensis Bermuda grass - ????? ????( Cynodon dactylon ) Cynodon dactylon Purple nutsedge - ???? ( Cyperus rotundus ) Cyperus rotundus Common purslane - ????  ( Portulaca oleracea ) Portulaca oleracea Jhonson grass - ???? ( Sorghum halepense ) Sorghum halepense Horse purslane - ?? ??( Trianthema portulacastrum ) Trianthema portulacastrum Green amaranth - ????? ??????( Amaranthus viridis ) Amaranthus virisdis Jungle rice - ?????? ???? ( Echinochloa colonum ) Echinochloa colonum Green foxtail - ...

Cotton is the major fiber and non-grain crop in Pakistan and it contribution is 1.6% in GDP of Pakistan. Bt cotton varieties have been developed in the last decade which are high yielding and insect resistant. The Bt cotton production technology as per the government agriculture department in Punjab is given as under. SEEDBED PREPARATION Seedbed preparation is the most important phase for the successful yield from a land. The soil selected for the cultivation for cotton should be well prepared before sowing the seed. The soil should be porous in nature and allow root penetration for normal plant stand. The residues of previous crops should be mixed well in the soil with some rotavator, disc plough or some other plough. Seedbed should be prepared through deep ploughing followed by laser land levelling.  The soil should have good water holding capacity and there should be no hard pan in the subsoil layer. In case of green manure crops , the crop should be ploughed into the soi...