technology in agriculture

INTRODUCTION  Maize is a popular kharif fodder in Pakistan and finds much use as fodder for livestock and poultry. The crop can be harvested in 60 - 65 days and it can be grown in most parts of the country. The green stalk has high carbohydrate contents so it is an enchanting feed for poultry. Hybrid seed should not be used for fodder purposes because they have less foliage, and short stature with less nutrition. Maize (Zea mays L.) VARIETIES Neelum, Akbar, Sargodha 2002 and Sultan. Sargodha 2002 is a new promising variety. It can remain green in the field for longer duration of time and the production can also be increased to 50 mand per acre with an average yield of around 600 mands per acre. SOIL REQUIREMENTS AND PREPARATION The fodder grows well in well irrigated loams and gives low yields in areas with high rainfall. The soil can be prepared by ploughing 4 times followed by planking each time. TIME OF SOWING March - September Good crop stand is possible when sown in early ...

INTRODUCTION In the soils where wheat, maize, rice and sugarcane cannot be cultivated easily, we can cultivate barley (Jou - ??) because it is a tolerant crop and can resist harsh environments . Not only barley gives good yields with lesser agriculture inputs but it can also replenish the damaged soils . Barley, like all other crops is affected by the saline soils , but due to its high resistance it can give better yields than other crops.  Spikes of Barley Sowing of barley starts with wheat, but due to fast growth rate, it matures early for harvesting. In this regard following points should be followed for the better crop yield off barley; SEEDBED PREPARATION Barley is adapted to a wide range of soils such as less fertile, fertile, sandy or soils. But to get a good crop stand and better crop yield soil preparation is an important step. To prepare soil for barley, plough field with a deep plough it twice with sub-soiler or chisel and then level the field by planking. To remov...

The major cultivated crops can be classified according to the agronomic purpose. On this basis, the distinguishable groups of crops can be... I) PULSES (aka Grain Legumes) The plants belonging to family leguminosae are cultivated for their edible seeds. For example, chickpea, garden pea, cowpea (lobia), mung bean, mash bean, lentil and pigeon pea. II) CEREALS (aka Grain crops) Grasses belonging to family Poaceae which are cultivated for their edible grains are called cereals. They are mostly narrow and long leaved plants without main stem. For example, wheat, rice, maize, barley and sorghum . III) OILSEED CROPS The crops cultivated for extraction of oil from their seeds are called  oilseed crops. For example, cotton, brassica, sunflower, peanut, groundnut, sesame , soybean, linseed, castor bean and flax. IV) FIBER CROPS The crops grown for their fiber which is the raw material for textile industry are called fiber crops. They are used for clothing, rope making and rugs. For exa...

The system of classification of plants has existed from centuries. It began to be formally known during the era of Carlous Linnaeous when he first published the book about classification of plants and a few years later published book of classification of animals. The classification system proposed by Linnaeous is knows today as conventional system. The organisms in the plant kingdom were classified into divisions or phyla according to structural features. I) THALLOPHYTA These are the simplest organisms which had cell walls and lack structures like roots, stems and leaves. They include bacteria, fungi and algae . The most renowned among these are mushrooms and nitrogen fixing bacteria. And many are notorious plant pathogens causing serious diseases of plants like rusts and smuts . II) BRYOPHYTA These are mosses, liverworts and hornworts which lack true roots and flowers. These species are ecologically very important in the tropics and forest ecosystems. III) PTERIDOPHYTA These are...