technology in agriculture

Hybrid seeds are the F1 off springs of the two distinct parent varieties from the same species. Introduction to Hybrid Seeds (cover) Hybrid Seed Industry in Pakistan Introduction to hybrid seed have brought revolution in the seed market. The farmers have heightened their trusts in the hybrid seed due to high yields and vigorous seeds. In the wake of this recent changes in the farmers� interests, hybrid seeds are very popular in Pakistan. Hybrid seed industry has established its roots in most of Pakistan.  Many seed companies have been established and they are successfully producing and distributing hybrid seeds of vegetables and fruits for field and tunnel crops. One of the famous market for hybrid seed in Punjab is established in Gujranwala city which has dozen of retail stores for sale of hybrid seeds produced on their own farms and imported hybrid seeds. Hybrid seeds of locally grown vegetables such as chilies, cucumber, okra, gourds, tomato and eggplant are easily available to ...

Sowing  (or seed sowing) is defined as the process of placing the seed in soil to germinate and grow into plant.  In comparison, planting is the putting the plant propagules in soil for growing plants. Propagules can be seedlings, roots, tubers, leaves, or cuttings.  And transplanting is term used for the planting the seedling grown into nursery to different field, pot or plot for different purposes. Seed Broadcasting by Farmer Methods of Sowing Seeds may be sown directly or transplanted. For transplanting, the seeds are sown in nursery and the nursery is later transplanted to field. The methods of sowing are enlisted and detailed as under; a) Broadcasting b) Dibbling c) Drilling d) Sowing behind the country plough e) Planting f) Transplanting 1. BROADCASTING Broadcasting is one of the oldest and most common methods of seed sowing, where the seeds are just spread on the soil; the seeds may or may not be covered with soil. Broadcasting may be done manually, or through mech...

Good quality seeds are those which are of same variety and contain little to no impurities and shows a good performance in the field.  Following criteria can be used to describe the quality of good seed; 1. Varietal characteristics 2. Seed lot characteristics 3. Seed viability Seeds of pulses 1. VARIETAL PURITY CHARACTERISTICS Varietal purity is mainly defined as the genetic or cultivar purity and can be described by its physical & chemical traits and crop attributes. a) Seed factors True varietal seeds can be characterized by its specific traits such as the length, width, shape, size, color and aroma. b) Chemical analysis A range of chemical tests can also be used to differentiate between varieties.  Factors such as alkali digestion, color, amylase content, gel consistency and protein helps to discriminate between varieties. c) Crop factors Physical characteristics of crops are normally constant that includes plant height, time to reach maturity, plant color and plant gro...

Seed is the basic requirement of agriculture. Every crop grows from some seed. So this seed should be of i. good quality ii. genetic purity iii. health and iv. must have certain traits Seeds To maintain a check and balance on the seed in the market and determine its use, there exist an institute known as Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department.  The Confusing Situation After the 18th constitutional amendments , the management of this department came to the Punjab government but federal government still has hold on it. And due to this situation, there is a confusion among the governments as to who will control this so crucial department of agriculture sector in the country. In this confusion, there is a big problem rising, this is about the seed which farmer is buying from the market and growing in his farm.  Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department is running under the 1976 act . This means, it is directly subdue to the federal government. But the...