technology in agriculture

A weed is defined as a plant of its proper place or where it is not required. A weed has more potential than the crop, compete with the crop, seed formation and distribution is before the seed and fruit production from the crop.  Cotton field infested with Cynodon dactylon and other weeds Here are the few characteristics which must be present in any plant to call them infestation and problematic for the crop (because there are some cropping systems such as relay cropping and intercropping where 2,3 crops are in the same field.) IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WEED 1. They have ability to grow well under many environmental conditions. 2. Rapid growth rate both in vegetative and flowering stage. 3. Cross-pollination is very common which enable new genetic recombination better suited to the environment. 4. The seed production continues till the condition remains favorable. 5. Self-compatibility but not complete autogamy or apomixy. 6. Greater longevity of the seeds. 7. Discontinuous germi...

Cotton is the major fiber and non-grain crop in Pakistan and it contribution is 1.6% in GDP of Pakistan. Bt cotton varieties have been developed in the last decade which are high yielding and insect resistant. The Bt cotton production technology as per the government agriculture department in Punjab is given as under. SEEDBED PREPARATION Seedbed preparation is the most important phase for the successful yield from a land. The soil selected for the cultivation for cotton should be well prepared before sowing the seed. The soil should be porous in nature and allow root penetration for normal plant stand. The residues of previous crops should be mixed well in the soil with some rotavator, disc plough or some other plough. Seedbed should be prepared through deep ploughing followed by laser land levelling.  The soil should have good water holding capacity and there should be no hard pan in the subsoil layer. In case of green manure crops , the crop should be ploughed into the soi...