technology in agriculture

Organophosphates also known as the OPs. The word organophosphate is derived from the combination of two words; � organic compounds � and � phosphate group �. There is no known clinical use of these chemicals. However, the main uses are as agricultural insecticides and fungicides; used in household and garden sprays for flies and other insects. Organophosphates (Cover) Usage Organophosphate insecticides are commonly used for small animals as flea and tick powders, sprays, foggers, shampoos and dips, and formerly, as systemic insecticides. They are also frequently used as household, garden, and farm insecticides. OPs, in general, have short term persistence and limited residual activity. They are more toxic to vertebrates than other insects. OPs have replaced the banned organochlorines (OC) and are a major cause of animal poisoning. History OPs were first synthesized in the 1850�s but the modern products were developed in Germany in the 1930�s. Their insecticidal qualities were first ob...

Insecticides are the pesticides used against insects. Organochlorines are class of synthetic organic insecticides .  Organochlorines are chlorinated hydrocarbons and contains the elements carbon and chlorine. They have been used extensively from the 1940s through the 1960s. Bioaccumulation They break down slowly in the environment and accumulate in the fatty tissues of animals and they stay in the environment and food web long after the being applied (Bioaccumulation).   OCs in Food Chain They have long chemical half-life (7-30 years), which makes them highly persistent. So, most people have organochlorine pesticides present in their bodies.  It cause reproductive failure among birds.  Organochlorine are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) . They act primarily by altering the movement of ions across the nerve cell membranes, thus changing the ability of the nerve to fire and interfere Na + and K + ion permeation. Examples 1. DDT  First commercially produced in...

Whitefly  ( Bemisia tabaci )  is a sucking insect of cotton which not only reduces the growth but most importantly it serves as the vector of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV) which has been a major threat to the cotton in Pakistan. So the farmer must take quick action against the white fly in his field. Following steps can be taken to manage the whitefly in the cotton fields. Hoeing should be done along the water channels with the fields because the weeds along the borders of the field serve as the breeding ground for these white flies.  Weedicides should be sprayed for weed control and pesticides for the controlling the white flies. Detach the leaves which show attack of whitefly and dip in water to kill the pest. When larvae and adults are visible in the field at the same time, spray with such pesticides which are equally effective for both. Do not spray with same pesticide each time. For effective spraying, use hollow cone nozzle sprays . Regularly survey the field ...

INTRODUCTION This article will discuss about the harmful effects of pesticides (especially insecticides) use on human health. The pesticides applied to crops, household etc. are not only mitigating pest problem but they are also a source of extreme and permanent damage to human health and environment.  Pesticides  are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest. They include;  Insecticides - kill insects Fungicides - used to kill fungi Biocides - used to kill microbes Herbicides - used to kill herbs and weeds Rodenticides - used against rodents e.g., rats. Pediculicide [against lice ( Pediculus humanus )]  Fumigants etc. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE Used in agriculture, industry, household and medicine.  A major factor for rise in Agriculture productivity in 20th century.  Nearly all insecticides have the potential to significantly alter ecosystems;  Many are toxic to humans; others are concentrated ...

INTRODUCTION Insecticides form a major proportion of the agricultural products being produced in the country and imported. The importance and impact of the insecticides on the farm can not be denied. Both in terms of the useful and residual effects. Similarly they form a major part of the agriculture industry. There is an excess of availability of the insecticides in the agriculture markets. The product available is of mixed quality from highest standards of the multinational and local companies to the lesser quality products of some of the small local manufacturers. In my recently concluded agriculture market study, I collected literature related to the insecticides available in the market both from well reputed and local pesticide companies. And in this blog post, I will be highlighting the types of formulations which were available.  Table: List of Commercially available Formulation of Insecticides common in Punjab ABBR. NAME ABBR. NAME EC Emulsifiable concen...

Top Story Cotton Markets stable despite Energy Crisis The continued cuts in the supply of electricity and gas to the cotton mills will result in collapse of cotton industry: PCGA. PakAgriFarming News Week vol. 02 (Cover) Last week there was sudden breakdown of power supply to the cotton mills due to which there were piles of raw cotton in the stores and the purchase were static. Even in this situation the price of cotton did not drop and a slight increase was seen in the prices. Pakistan Cotton Ginners Association (PCGA) has warned that if such situation prolongs there will be worse consequences to the cotton farmers because the mills will not be able to purchase if energy crisis continues. In the recent times, the gap of energy production has only widened and the government is not keen to solve the problems of the major sector of national economy. News 02 Urea and DAP sales up by 40% & 35% in 2012 Price incentives helped to keep the sale of urea and DAP at 445,000 and 248,000 tons...