technology in agriculture

Horticulture is science concerned with intensively cultivated plants that are used by people for food, for medicinal purposes, and for aesthetic gratification.  Horticulturists apply the knowledge, skills, and technologies used to grow intensively produced plants for human food and non-food uses and for personal or social needs. Biotechnology is broadly saying, any technique that uses live organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast, animal cells, plant cells etc. to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals or to engineer micro-organisms for specific uses.  It is concerned with upgradation of quality and also utilization of livestock and resources for the well-being of both animals and plants.   Biotechnology in Horticulture Biotechnology offers a vast potential in horticulture. The biotechnological tools may likely to have greater impacts in horticulture, where even minor changes such as in color, aroma quality and postharvest behaviour would make significant commerc

� Packaging  is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.�  OR � Packaging is the container or wrapper that holds a product or group of products.� Functions of Packaging Packaging is a means of providing the correct environmental conditions for food during the length of time it is stored and/or distributed to the consumer. A good package has to perform the following functions: --> First, packaging protects it from physical, chemical and microbiological invasion. -->  It must keep the product clean and provide a barrier against dirt and other contaminants.  -->  It should prevent losses. Its design should provide protection and convenience in handling, during transport, distribution and marketing. In particular, the size, shape and weight of the packages must be considered. -->  It must provide protection to the food aga

Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crop in the world and leading staple food in most countries. In Pakistan, rice the second most important staple food of the people and in the past economic year 2012-13, it was cultivated over 2,311,000 hectares in Pakistan and its production was about 5,541,000 tonnes, according to economic survey of Pakistan 2012-13. Rice Fields Here we are going to present the outline of major diseases of rice in Pakistan and their pathogens. The details of these will be presented in the later articles on PakAgriFarming. Table: Table enlisting the major rice diseases occurring in Pakistan and their pathogens. Sr. No. Disease Pathogen 01. Bacterial Leaf Spot Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae 02. Bakanae Fusarium fujikuroi (anamorph) Syn: Fusarium moniliforme (anamorph) Gibberella fujikuroi (telomorph) 03. Blast disease of rice Pyriculari oryzae (anamorph) Magnaporthe grisea (telomorph)