technology in agriculture

Cotton suffers sever attack from the serious attack of pests and virus. These viruses and pests are firstly present on the weeds present along the banks of fields, water channels and roads. The management of these weeds is important w.r.t control of pests and virus on cotton. The common weeds of cotton are: Common Weeds of Cotton Petty spurge - ????? ( Euphorbia prostrata ) Euphorbia prostrata Field bindweed - ???? ( Convolvulus arvensis ) -  Convolvulus arvensis Bermuda grass - ????? ????( Cynodon dactylon ) Cynodon dactylon Purple nutsedge - ???? ( Cyperus rotundus ) Cyperus rotundus Common purslane - ????  ( Portulaca oleracea ) Portulaca oleracea Jhonson grass - ???? ( Sorghum halepense ) Sorghum halepense Horse purslane - ?? ??( Trianthema portulacastrum ) Trianthema portulacastrum Green amaranth - ????? ??????( Amaranthus viridis ) Amaranthus virisdis Jungle rice - ?????? ???? ( Echinochloa colonum ) Echinochloa colonum Green foxtail - ???? ???? ( Setaria viridis ) Setaria viridi

Cotton is the major fiber and non-grain crop in Pakistan and it contribution is 1.6% in GDP of Pakistan. Bt cotton varieties have been developed in the last decade which are high yielding and insect resistant. The Bt cotton production technology as per the government agriculture department in Punjab is given as under. SEEDBED PREPARATION Seedbed preparation is the most important phase for the successful yield from a land. The soil selected for the cultivation for cotton should be well prepared before sowing the seed. The soil should be porous in nature and allow root penetration for normal plant stand. The residues of previous crops should be mixed well in the soil with some rotavator, disc plough or some other plough. Seedbed should be prepared through deep ploughing followed by laser land levelling.  The soil should have good water holding capacity and there should be no hard pan in the subsoil layer. In case of green manure crops , the crop should be ploughed into the soil 30

Cotton ( Gossypium arboreum  L./ G.  hirsutum  L.)is the most important fiber crop grown globally. Cotton provides raw material for the textile industry. Cotton is the name derived from Arabic  Al-qutn . In botanical terms, cotton is the soft, fluffy staple  fibre  that is produced around the seed in the protective boll of genus  Gossypium.  The  fibre  is botanically meant for the dispersal of seed. The fibre is almost pure cellulose.  HISTORY 1. The cultivation of cotton has been reported as old as 5000 BC in the western Pakistan, for example, the Mehrgarh excavation showed cotton fibres preserved in copper beads. The cultivation then spread in the Indus Valley Civilization.  2. Evidences about the cultivation of cotton in Iran (pre-islamic Persia) also exists which dates back to almost 5th Millenium BC. From these regions, the cotton was taken to the Europe and other continents.  3. By the end of 16th century BC, cotton was being cultivated in most of the warmer regions of Asia and

This tree is native to Mexico and one of the largest trees. CLASSIFICATION Kingdom            Plantae Division             Magnoliophyta Class                  Magnoliopsida Order                 Malvales Family                Malvaceace or Bombacaceae (Kapok Tree family) PLANT CHARACTERS The tree can grow upto 200 feet or more (60-70 meter) tall. The tree has characteristic thorns. Leaves are compound. Sometimes roots can grow into buttress. Adult trees produce several hundred seed pods USES 1. The bark of this tree is used locally for medicinal purpose as diu retic, treatment of headache and sometimes treatment of type II diabetes. 2. The fiber from fruit is also used as insulation material, filling of sofa and mattresses, and teddy bears because this fiber can not be folded into thread like cotton fiber. 3. Oil can be extracted from the seeds and used in making soaps locally and some type of fertilizer. Ceiba pentandra (Kapook Tree)  URDU VERSION ????? ???? (Ceiba pentandra)- ?????